Friday, March 12, 2010

ADHD and Vitamin D Deficiency: Any Evidence?

Is there any link between vitamin D levels and ADHD? A review of the current evidence:

We have spent a lot of time looking at correlations between vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids and amino acids (and their deficiencies) and ADHD. However, it is important to note that just because low levels of a particular nutrient are seen alongside the disorder, it does not necessarily mean that this deficiency is the cause of ADHD (i.e. correlation does not imply causation). In other words, the nutrient deficiency and ADHD symptoms might both be secondary effects of a larger primary cause, such as an enzyme deficiency or metabolic dysfunction.

In the case of vitamin D, the association with ADHD is a lot more muddled than with some of the other nutrients which have a relatively strong connection with the disorder (iron, zinc, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids to name a few). The amount of information in the literature is relatively scarce, as well. A search in the journal database Pubmed (where this blogger gets most of his articles and information) for "ADHD" and "vitamin D" turns up only a small handful of search results, the majority of which focus on other disorders and only mention ADHD peripherally.

However, given the fact that vitamin D is such a "hot" vitamin and has been a popular supplement as of late, we should investigate some of its potential benefits with regard to ADHD and related disorders. Please keep in mind that many of these points below are more theoretical or speculative, because most of the hard, concrete evidence in well-documented clinical controlled studies simply does not exist at the moment. Nevertheless, here are some possible ways in which vitamin D may help in cases of ADHD or related disorders:

  • Vitamin D can boost levels of the antioxidant glutathione in the brain. One way that vitamin D does this is by regulating an enzyme called gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, which plays a role in both the metabolism and recycling of glutathione. We have spoken at length about how antioxidant deficits can worsen ADHD symtpoms, and how fatty acids (namely omega-3's) are frequently administered for ADHD and related disorders. Given the high makeup of these omega-3 fatty acids in the brain, and their susceptibility to oxidation and damage in the central nervous system, protecting them by boosting antioxidant levels (either directly or indirectly) is a good bet.

  • One of the current theories surrounding ADHD is that it is (at least partially) an energy deficiency syndrome, or is the result of impaired metabolic abilities in key regions of the central nervous system. While highly debatable, this theory holds that impaired glucose metabolism in various parts of the brain may be a major contributing factor to the presence or severity of this disorder.

    While this blogger is currently neutral on this deficiency theory, it is interesting to note that vitamin D can help regulate glucose tranport into the brain, which would (at least in theory) improve this possible cause of the disorder. It is believed that vitamin D works by targeting multiple enzymes involved in glucose transport and metabolism. Much more study needs to be done to confirm this assertion, but this may be another potential benefit of boosting vitamin D levels in the ADHD patient.

  • Vitamin D may play a role in catecholamine synthesis. Catecholamines include the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, both of which are believed to be tightly regulated and highly involved in the treatment of ADHD (deficiencies of both dopamine and norepinephrine in the "gaps" between neuronal cells are often seen in cases of ADHD).

  • Vitamin D boosts the effects of an enzyme called choline acetyltransferase in the mammalian brain. This enzyme is used in the manufacture of another neurotransmitting agent called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is thought to play a major role in maintaining a state of sustained attention, a critical shortcoming in those with ADHD. In other words, keeping adequate levels of vitamin D could potentially help prop up lower levels of this attention-sustaining neurochemical.

  • Learning and memory deficits, both of which are heavily present in the ADHD population, have been tied to prenatal vitamin D deficiencies in the rat model. This involves a process called synaptic plasticity, which relates to memory formation in an individual. If this finding extends to humans, it could have serious implications on maintaining adequate vitamin D intake in pregnant women.

  • Problems with fine motor control are sometimes seen as a secondary characteristic in a fraction of the ADHD population. These problems may be exacerbated in a vitamin D deficient state.

  • Perhaps the strongest correlation, however, may be between vitamin D and depressive-like symptoms, particularly those associated with seasonal affective disorders (SAD). Please keep in mind, however, that studies on vitamin D levels and depression are highly variable; a number of studies have been done on the topic and found no such linkage between the two. We have previously investigated possible connections between ADHD and SAD in an earlier post.

    This may make intuitive sense, since vitamin D production is triggered by sunlight, so in the dark winter months, the levels of this vitamin are often much lower (this may also be a major contributing factor as to why illnesses run so much more rampant during the winter months). In other words, vitamin D supplementation may be particularly useful in individuals with ADHD who also have co-occuring depressive or anxiety-ridden symptoms.
To summarize: Vitamin D does not have as many pronounced direct effects on ADHD as do some of the other vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and amino acids we have previously discussed. Nevertheless, the vitamin does seem to have multiple neurodevelopmental and neuroregulatory properties, and may go well with comorbid disorders such as schizophrenia, speech difficulties, memory problems, and (perhaps most strongly) depressive symptoms. Please keep in mind, however, that it may not be possible to simply "supplement these problems away" with extra vitamin D. This blogger just wants to point out that a deficiency in this vitamin often manifests itself in many ways, some of which closely parallel ADHD or related disorders. Nevertheless, supplementing may not be a bad idea, especially if you live in an area that gets minimal sunlight for part of (or all of) the year. Some rough guidelines for vitamin D intake can be found here.

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163 comments:

LynneC said...

Thanks for exploring this! Although it seems the link between Vit 'D' and ADHD is tenuous, there are many other benefits to 'D' supplementation that make it a worthwhile supplement to add to the ADHD (and non-ADHD) regimen, IMO.

Tess Messer said...

Thanks so much for looking into this. Interesting post!! Tess http://primarilyinattentiveadd.com

Edwin said...

Great article - well sourced! Even if it's just a tenuous link, every little bit of symptom mitigation helps.

Treatment for said...

Link between Vit 'D' and ADHD is not so tenuous if you think about it, but indeed benefits to 'D' supplementation in ADHD regimen are many.

The Underdog said...

I like the post, I think there is a relation to vit D

Anonymous said...

We recently added Vitamin D to our son's morning routine and his behaviour and ability to focus in school as dramatically improved! He has struggled with ADHD for 4 years but the past few weeks have been so amazing...for him and us!! I think more testing should be done on this subject!

About vitamins said...

This metal is needed for proper use of the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C. Since it also plays a role in amino-acid formation, a deficiency may contribute to depression stemming from low levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine.
take care people

David said...

Very interesting; thanks for sharing!

Amy Taylor said...

Would you consider reporting on the use of phosphatidylserine and it's effects on ADHD? I would be very interested in what your research comes up with. Thanks.

Carrie Porter said...

Thanks for sharing this bit of info. I have both ADHD and winter after winter have been diagnosed with vitamin D deficiancy. It was very nice to have everything broken down scientifically.

listol said...

I will ask my son's doctor about it. I think he can explain if there is a relation between ADHD and Vitamin D deficiency.

Simon Smith said...

I myself have been supplementing Vitamin D for a few months now. Along with any improvements in ADHD symptoms there seems to be a huge weight of opinion over the last few years that suggests Vitamin D deficiency is a large problem in Western society.

dancilhoney said...

I am going to try Synaptol myself since I have read such great things about it. If there are no ill effects, I will start my son on it.

Listol ADHD said...

This is nice information that you posted. The link between the two is not that really strong but I think there is a little relation.

cosmetic surgery marketing guide said...

I recently was reading a thread on one of the ADHD forums regarding punishing a child because he destroyed something precious while he was off his medication. They boy was confused and distraught over what he had done.

cosmetic surgery marketing guide said...

People with inattentive ADHD are, by and large, not impulsive. When you have an impulsive child with ADHD, you understand why this sub-type gets all the research dollars.

Anonymous said...

Just found your blog...very informative. Thank you. I was wondering if you explore the link between underdeveloped lower (pons) and middle brain and ADHD? Here's a good site w/ info:

http://brainhighways.com/

Thanks and I hope you keep up the good work! -Celestina

Anonymous said...

You mention so many vitamins and minerals in your blog... my head is swimming. I want to take my son off of Vyvanse, and try a "nutrient cocktail" of sorts. Do you know of any supplement that combines all of the right amounts of Omega 3's, Vitamins, Ginko and the like? Where can I find just a list of supplements with dosage recommendations for my 12 year old boy?

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Thanks for sharing that interesting information. I really learned a lot about ADHD and Vitamin D deficiency.

Helena Andersson said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Anonymous said...

Very interesting! I still wonder though, how can it be that you can have both ADD/ADHD and OCD at the same time? According to the studies these disorders contradicts eachother neurologically. ADD/ADHD has underactivity verses OCD hyperativity, caused by an imbalance in the same neurotransmitting system (or what it's called). I can't understand that. But I do beleive you can have both. I have OCD but I suspect I have ADD too.

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Natalie said...

Having recently been diagnosed with Inattentive ADD, I want to extend my overwhelming appreciation for your blog. It is a great resource that is helping me to explore and navigate this strange disorder.

It's been over a year since you've posted, but I hope you will return to writing soon. I very much enjoy reading your thoughts.

Pearlie Guerrier said...

Thank you for this post. These kind of insights can help many people. Vitamin D deficiency can be easily remedied. There are those who will probably be able to find the relief they have sought for a long period of time by reading this article.

Anxiety Symptoms said...

I have a high interest in the specific benefits of vitamins and mental illness, so this article was obviously very interesting to me! Thank you for sharing. :)

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Nice explanation on ADHD & vitamin D. Vitamin D is necessary for our immune system as well as skin. Informative post.
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Cathy Ochs said...

if there are views that "energy deficiency syndrome, or is the result of impaired metabolic abilities in key regions of the central nervous system". The idea of giving stimulants, unless they address the delivery of energy where it is needed in the bain, would surely be very suspect?

ADHD Symptoms said...

Thanks for the informative blog as I believe there is a link between ADHD and Vitamin D as well. I need to put more D supplements into mine and my kids' diets.

attention deficit disorder said...

This is a really interesting research and I can just back up your theory. At least from my subjective feeling my son's ADD got better since he gets his daily boost of Vitamin D :)

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For my part one and all ought to look at it.

FindRxOnline blog said...

I just found out last week that the level of vitamin D in my blood is 8. I am 42 years old and have suffered with depression most of my life and now I am wondering if it was a vitamin d deficiency all along. I have been diagnosed with a variety of mental illnesses but do better without medication. When I was on meds, I was in and out of the pschiactric ward because of suicidal tendencies. I just learned how to cope with it and I am the type that feeds off of other peoples happiness so I focus on that. I haven’t had a physical in years and I am scheduled for one the end of March. I went in for pre-physical bloodwork which is when the caught the vitamin d level. I honestly feel like I am losing my mind. I can’t concentrate on anything and have a hard time having a conversation without stopping many times to figure out what I am trying to say and finding the words to say it. I am also so tired and i hurt all the time. What I don’t understand is why. I drink more milk than a normal person. I eat eggs regularly. I am not obese and I am not a vegetarian. Why would my vitamin D level be almost non existant? I do live in Maine and because of my horrible depression, I am not outside as much as I should. I started working out a few weeks ago even though it is hard to get out of bed. I am spending as much time as I can outside. I just feel lousy. It is so hard because I have had alot of trauma in my life due to abuse. Now Iam in a wonderful and stable relationship with the nicest and most understanding man I have ever met. We live 3 hours away from each other and only see each other every few weeks. I feel bad because I tell him how happy I am but cry all the time and half of the time I just sit on the phone without finding anything to say because it is so hard to have a conversation when your mind is so jumbled up. Can anyone help me figure out why this is happening? I am on the verge of being suicidal during the happiest time in my life. I am scared.

Marky said...

I do think that what is adhd has to do with Vitamin D would be a case to case basis amongst the patients.

ADHD Treatment Options said...

It's nice to have such well-researched scientific material broken down into understandable writing. Have you stopped publishing on this blog?

Bruce said...

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what is adhd said...

Appreciate your very useful information about adhd and Vitamin D Deficiency

adhd in adults symptoms said...

Very interesting post, I got a little bit worried today because I've been lacking Vit D recently. Better watch out for the adhd adult symptoms.

brevegodfrey@what is adhd said...

this is not surprising! Yes, vitamins plays a vital role in boosting the brain's processes. Having deficiency on these vital nutrients will lead to those ADHD -affected to suffer more.

Anonymous said...

Like many other disorders ADHD appears as a result of a combination of several factors. Besides hereditary factors, causes are found in brain injuries, dietary habits (possible connection with consuption of sugar) and social environment factors (for example alcohol and smoking during pregnancy) these also may contribute to the ADHD development. Now there is vitamin D as a posible cause. It's also noted that food additives such as artificial colours affect the increased activity.

I'm especially interested in the clear link between vitamin d and ADHD because I do an amateur research on vitamin D deficiency - http://www.vitaminddeficiencysymptomsblog.com/

I was dignosed with vitD deficiency a year and a half ago, I've menaged to raise the level of Vitamin D by taking vit D supplements and food rich in this vitamin. Nonetheless, my children avoided facing the lack of vitamin D.

Regards,
Maggie L

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There are many parents these days that take their children for chiropractic treatment and care. It has been observed that children can take advantage of this treatment method starting from birth till throughout the childhood. Handling a child with ADHD in your house can be a problematic work but it has been observed that chiropractic treatment can help a lot with the symptoms of ADHD.

Children suffering from the problem of ADHD or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder can act out in various ways. They may control themselves, not obey commands and bully other children. These children might get violent and may have rough behavior like throwing things around.

According to a survey by American Chiropractic Association in 1991, the number of chiropractic patients of sixteen years of age and younger has increased to 8.5%. Chiropractic services is the most common alternative method of treatment performed on children and it is completely safe.

A study conducted in 1975 compared the effect of chiropractic treatment and drugs in children suffering from ADHD. The study showed that chiropractic services was twenty four percent more effective than normal drug prescription. It worked over the wide range of symptoms which are common in neurological dysfunction syndrome. So, chiropractic treatment works good with children having ADHD.

It has been observed that children who suffer from the problem of ADHD have successful results with chiropractic treatment. It has also been noticed that children who have vertebral subluxation and do not show any symptoms of ADHD should still have chiropractic services. The best method of treatment in case of ADHD is chiropractic services. It is completely natural and so it does not have any side effects. This makes it very safe for your child. With proper treatment and care, the symptoms of this condition can be helped to a great degree.


The effects of chiropractic services on children with learning and behavioral problems was investigated with 24 elementary and secondary level students, 12 receiving regular chiropractic treatment and 12 receiving medication. Results indicated that chiropractic treatment was more effective for the wide range symptoms common in the neurological dysfunction syndrome in which the following symptom areas were identified: attention span, hyperactivity, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, verbal output performance, writing output performance, following instructions, hand-eye coordination, overall coordination, effort, emotional maturity, behavior, and self-confidence.

The hands-on nature of the chiropractic services requires patients to visit the chiropractor a number of times. To be treated by the best chiropractor, a patient needs to go into the office. A chiropractor may provide acute, chronic, and/or preventive care thus making a certain number of visits sometimes necessary. Your doctor of chiropractic should tell you the extent of treatment recommended and how long you can expect it to last.

william smith said...

Being a teenager is not easy and when a teenager is affected with ADHD, life becomes all the more difficult. ADHD in teenagers in quite common as only 1/3rd of the affected children get cured of the disorder before stepping into their teen years. However, with a lot of research being done on ADHD in teenagers, there seems to be plenty of hope for the teens to combat the struggle.

ADHD in Teenagers

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Pati said...

What a great post! While the link between vitamin D and ADHD is not definitive, it is worth trying. If parents are looking for ways to help their children deal with their ADHD, I recommend you check http://onlineceucredit.com/edu/social-work-ceus-td. I hope this resource is helpful!

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danielthomas said...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder can have long-term adverse effects into adolescence and adulthood. There remains to be, the controversial issues regarding the management and-or treatment of ADHD.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , ADHD, is one of the most common disorders that develop in children. If left untreated Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder can have long-term adverse effects into adolescence and adulthood.

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Interestingly enough, many women who are suffering with ADD have gone through their entire lives into adulthood without being diagnosed with the disorder. Add Symptoms

Amol said...

For increasing Vitamin D in blood which vegetable and fruits we eat.Thanks for sharing such useful posts.Keep updating more.

ADHD & ADD Online Diagnostic Test said...

The DSM manual is used by doctors in America to help them diagnose this mental disorder. The manual distinguishes three types of ADHD. The first is the predominantly hyperactive type, the second which is the predominantly inattentive type and the third is the combined type. As we can see the latter could be referred to as ADHD but it does not fit the other two.

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Amelia said...

Thank you for posting this interesting and very well researched post. Didn't know there was a connection, will have it in my mind .

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Anonymous said...

I do not know who is the author here, but I wonder if the knowledgeable medical professionals here can comments a bit on the acetyl-l-carnitine or l-carnitine on ADHD, especially effectiveness on the InAttentive Type?

What is the chemical or medical reactions behind that would possibly enable this, versus the L-Tyrosine?

Thanks
Sean

Anonymous said...

Sorry, I forget to add these links about the acetyl-l-carnitine

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18315451

http://adhd-treatment-options.blogspot.com/2009/04/10-ways-carnitine-can-help-treat-adhd.html

Thanks
Sean

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This is a very, very brief summary/generalisation of the evolution of the original races. It is just designed to give a very quick to read idea of how we all came to be today.

The original Scandinavian race was the blonde haired, blue eyed, white skinned race (light featured) that originated from Scandinavia some 45,000 to 50,000 years ago.

The Scandinavian race evolved from the Black African race that migrated out of Africa some 125,000 years ago and settled in Scandinavia. 80,000 years of total isolation in Scandinavia and the original Black Africans evolved to the original Scandinavians.

The Indian race also evolved from the Black African race that migrated out of Africa and then settled in India. Tens of thousands of years of isolation in India and the original Black Africans evolved to the original Indians. (Indian = dark hair, dark eyes, dark skin, dark featured)
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The Scandinavians also migrated into Far East Asia and mixed with the Orientals forming the Korean/Chinese/Japanese types.
Arabic peoples moved back West into North Africa and then up into Spain, Italy and Greece mixing with the Scandinavians that had originally settled there, this formed the original Spanish, Italian and Greek ethnicities. Oriental Scandinavians also moved back West and mixed with the original Scandinavians in Europe forming what we now know as ‘Slavic’ types. What with brown hair and brown eyes being dominant over blonde hair and blue eyes more Scandinavians in Europe became darker. Yes, Europeans are mostly Scandinavian race with varying amounts of Indian race and Oriental race in them which gives many these darker features.

Unknown said...

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The original Scandinavian race was the blonde haired, blue eyed, white skinned race (light featured) that originated from Scandinavia some 45,000 to 50,000 years ago.

The Scandinavian race evolved from the Black African race that migrated out of Africa some 125,000 years ago and settled in Scandinavia. 80,000 years of total isolation in Scandinavia and the original Black Africans evolved to the original Scandinavians.

The Indian race also evolved from the Black African race that migrated out of Africa and then settled in India. Tens of thousands of years of isolation in India and the original Black Africans evolved to the original Indians. (Indian = dark hair, dark eyes, dark skin, dark featured)
The Oriental race also evolved from the Black African race that migrated out of Africa and then settled in Far East Asia. Tens of thousands of years of isolation in Far East Asia and the original Black Africans evolved to the original Orientals.(Oriental = dark hair, dark eyes, dark skin, dark featured) The Australian Aboriginal race also evolved from the Black African race that migrated out of Africa and then settled in Australia. Tens of thousands of years of isolation in Australia and the original Black Africans evolved to the original Australian Aboriginals.(Australian Aboriginal = dark hair, dark eyes, dark skin, dark featured) 45,000 years ago there was a lot of movement as the Ice-Age pushed these Scandinavians out of Scandinavia. These Scandinavian spread out through Europe and into Asia and in Asia they mixed with the Indians, this formed the Arabic peoples (Indo-Scandinavians).

The Scandinavians also migrated into Far East Asia and mixed with the Orientals forming the Korean/Chinese/Japanese types.
Arabic peoples moved back West into North Africa and then up into Spain, Italy and Greece mixing with the Scandinavians that had originally settled there, this formed the original Spanish, Italian and Greek ethnicities. Oriental Scandinavians also moved back West and mixed with the original Scandinavians in Europe forming what we now know as ‘Slavic’ types. What with brown hair and brown eyes being dominant over blonde hair and blue eyes more Scandinavians in Europe became darker. Yes, Europeans are mostly Scandinavian race with varying amounts of Indian race and Oriental race in them which gives many these darker features.

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Hey Gina! I saw your comment about Dr. Uduehi’s medication concerning Fibroid sometime ago and you were right, I tried it and it worked like magic for me. It was like hell living with FIBROID all this years until now, no more pains, bleeding and no miscarriage and I would've come with my testimony before now but I have to wait for a couple of months to see if it will regrow again but there's still no sign of fibroid, I also went to the hospital for test and still i was tested negative. All thanks to Dr. Uduehi and to you too Gina. And for anyone out there who wish to try can reach the doctor through: (+2347084878384) uduehiherbalcare@gmail.com

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